Moore believed that McFate had erred when he allowed the confession to be entered, and he felt that without it Miranda would have beaten the charge. He believed, and other observers concurred, that he had shown reasonable doubt as to the elements of the crime – at the time, Arizona required rape victims to “resist to the utmost” and McGee had not been able to testify that she had done so. Alvin Moore immediately appealed the …showed first 75 words of 644 total…

…showed last 75 words of 644 total…similar to the Arizona Supreme Court, tailoring decisions narrowly to fit the U.S. Supreme Court’s five-point test, while the Second Circuit interpreted the decision more broadly, finding in favor of defendants. Not only were there differing decisions on the federal level, but there was disagreement between the states and the federal courts on just what Escobedo meant. It was clear that the high court would have to revisit Escobedo and clarify the situation.