Affirmative Action Affirmative action was created in an effort to help minorities leap the discriminative barriers that were ever so present when the bill was first enacted, in 1965. At this time, the country was in the wake of nation-wide civil rights demonstrations, and racial tension was at an all time high. White males occupied most of the corporate, executive, and managerial positions that controlled the hiring and firing of employees. The U.S. Government, in 1965, …showed first 75 words of 943 total…

…showed last 75 words of 943 total…Chavez, Lydia. The Color Bind: The Campaign to End Affirmative Action. California: U of California Press, 2000. “Civil Rights” Grolier Interactive Encyclopedia. (1999). [Computer Program]. SoftKey Multimedia International Corporation. Crosby, Faye and Cheryl Vandeveer. Sex, Race, and Merit: Debating Affirmative Action in Education and Employment. Michigan: U of Michigan Press, 2000. Grapes, Brian. Affirmative Action. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000. Rai, Kul and John Critzer. Affirmative Action and the University. Race, Ethnicity, and Gender. Nebraska: U of Nebraska Press, 2000.